The Reutlinger Studios operated in Paris from 1850 to 1937, under the direction of Charles, Emile and Leopold Reutlinger respectively. Leopold was born in 1863 and raised in Peru, coming to work with his father in Paris when he was 20. Leopold took over the studio in 1890 and extended its scope to encompass Paris stage stars and actresses - such as Mata Hari - photographing them in the casino, the Moulin Rouge, the Folies Bergères, the Opera and so on. Later he perfected the art of merging photographic images with art nouveau graphics, the whole card hand-tinted for enhanced effect. Leopold Reutlinger retired in 1930, after losing an eye in an accident with a champagne cork. The Reutlinger studios closed when he died in 1937.